In some ways, the hardest part of establishing and maintaining long-term recovery comes when the initial,
intensive part of treatment has been completed.
To avoid relapse, most recovering people need to be in the warm
embrace of loved ones – whether their close, biological family or the
new "family" of other recovered people that they can turn to when they
feel in danger of relapse.
One study identified the five factors that most often contribute to relapse:
- inability to manage stress or negative emotional states
- interpersonal conflicts with family or others
- failing to stick to the recommendations of doctors and counselors
- negative thinking
- low motivation to change
These factors are not so different from the variables that affect
relapse when dealing with other chronic disorders, such as diabetes:
- failing to stick to diet, medications, or behavior change
- poverty
- poor support from family members
- a co-occurring mental health disorder
Among other things, addicted people must learn how to avoid contact
with the triggers that may set in motion their brain's demanding cry
for drugs or alcohol. And when those triggers are unavoidable, people
must develop the skills that will prevent the craving from taking over.
Learning these skills must be a core element of any treatment program;
maintaining them should be part of an aftercare program or long-term
recovery plan.
"Aftercare is just that," says Don Perks, who helps fellow members
of Steamfitters Local 635 in New York City. "It's a continuing care
that you really need to be involved in if you're gonna wanna survive
this. If you just leave 30 days' treatment and you don't go to meetings
and you don't get involved with a sponsor and a group and a commitment,
you're going back in no time at all. You can't resist the temptation."
"I cannot emphasize enough the role of the aftercare contract and
the aftercare program," says Scott Basinger, who heads a confidential
addiction assistance program for employees at Baylor College of
Medicine in Houston. "It's been the key to success."
Joe Powell leads a recovery center in Dallas, where participants can
gather for friendship, mutual aid, job training and other tangible
assistance that can help recovery people get on their feet, start a new
life and remain committed to their recovery plan. Although peer support
is an essential part of the recovery center, the organization focuses
on solution-oriented endeavors, and does not limit itself to the
specific issues raised in the addiction-focused dialogue that comes in
a 12-step program. Powell says that in this case, aftercare is "about
the solution, not about the problem."
"Most people think we're replacing AA. We're not replacing 12-step," he says. "People in long-term
recovery are in a different stage; they don't have the same needs. We put together a recovery
commitment plan for clients – our goal is to get them to where they are preparing for a lifetime of
recovery."
Services such as recovery centers, peer coaching and mentoring and
educational and skill-training services play an important role in
helping an addicted person rebuild a life, avoid relapse and sustain
long-term recovery. A small federal program, the Recovery Community
Services Program (RCSP), funds community- and faith-based programs that
provide these services, linking individuals with housing, jobs, and/or
education; and hosting alcohol- and other drug-free social activities.
To learn about RCSP grant projects, visit http://rcsp.samhsa.gov/.
Excerpted from HBO:Addiction: Aftercare
